Salt the chicken evenly with kosher salt and let it rest for 30 minutes to dry brine.
In a bowl, mix the buttermilk, harissa, smoked paprika, garlic powder, cumin, black pepper, and sugar. Add the chicken and marinate in the refrigerator for at least 4 hours or up to 24 hours.
Remove the chicken from the refrigerator and let it sit at room temperature for 15–20 minutes before frying.
Heat oil in a heavy pot to 350–355°F. Maintain oil temperature between 325–345°F while frying, allowing it to return to temperature between batches.
In a separate bowl, mix flour, cornstarch, baking powder, salt, paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, and cayenne.
Remove chicken from marinade, letting excess drip off. Dredge thoroughly in the flour mixture, pressing firmly for 5–10 seconds per side. Sprinkle 1–2 tablespoons of marinade into the flour mixture and toss lightly to create craggy bits, then re-press the chicken into the dredge.
Fry 1–2 pieces at a time for 5–6 minutes total, flipping once after 2–3 minutes when the crust is set. Cook until golden brown and the internal temperature reaches 165°F.
Transfer to a wire rack and rest for 3–5 minutes. Lightly sprinkle with fine salt while hot if desired.
In a small bowl, mix together the harissa mayo ingredients.
In another bowl, combine cabbage, carrot, mayo, lemon juice, and sugar. Add salt just before assembling to prevent excess moisture.
Toast buns until lightly golden and slightly crisp. Spread harissa mayo on the bottom bun, add fried chicken, pickles, slaw, and a light drizzle of sauce. Top with the bun and serve immediately.